p1g6+mp4



**Madi, Rachel, Caitlin, Charlie, and Megan **  **Chemical Reaction Lab**  **April 18, 2012** **Megan's Chemical Reaction Notes** **__Question:__** ** What are some signs that a chemical reaction is taking place? **

**__Hypothesis:__** ** Color: clear- foggy ** ** Temperature: went up 1.1 degrees Celsius ** || ** Made a “fizzing” sound ** ** Color: clear to white ** ** Temperature: dropped and then went back up ** || ** Fizzing ** <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** Temperature: .5 degrees Celsius ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** Combination ** || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** Prediction ** || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** Observation ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** Water + CaCl2 ** || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** Calcium chloride will change the color of water ** || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** Calcium chloride is dissolving in the water **
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** Water + Sodium bicarbonate ** || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** Sodium bicarbonate will dissolve ** || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** Temperature: dropped .5 degrees Celsius ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** Sodium bicarbonate + CaCl2 + H2O ** || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** Bubble ** || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** Bubbling- gas if forming **
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** CaCl2 + Sodium bicarbonate ** || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** “fizz” ** || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** Did nothing ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** CaCl2 + BB + H2O ** || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** “fizz” ** || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** Dissolving and bubbles are being formed ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** Sodium bicarbonate + BB + H2O ** || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** Baking soda will turn yellow ** || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** Did nothing ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** Sodium bicarbonate + CaCl2 + BB + H2O ** || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** Raise in temperature and “fizzing” ** || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** Color: blue to white-green **

<span style="color: #5600ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">**__Independent Variable:__** <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** Combination of chemicals in the test tube. **

<span style="color: #5600ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">**__Dependent Variable:__** <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** Signs of a chemical reaction. **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** __Ingredients:__ ** <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** Water (H2O), CaCl2, Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), and Bromothymol Blue **

<span style="color: #5600ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">**__Notes (Background Information):__**

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** Calcium Chloride ** <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** Sodium bicarbonate ** <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** Bromothymol Blue **
 * <span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Water **
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** H2O **
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** Drinkable **
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** Liquid at room temperature **
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** Tasteless and odorless **
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** Transparent **
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** High specific heat capacity **
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** CaCl2 **
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** Must be kept in tightly sealed, air-tight containers **
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** Soluble **
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** Good for displacing ions **
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** NaHCO3 **
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** Baking soda **
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** Not harmful **
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** Used in medicine **
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** Soluble in water **
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** Turns yellow in an acidic solution **

__<span style="font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;">**Summary:** __ <span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;">** Many surprising things happened during the experiment. The experiment was to tell what would happen to the chemicals, if they mixed with other chemicals. We tried this by mixing 4 different chemicals together, in 7 different combinations. It turned out to be that almost all of the chemicals reacted. The reactions that we were expecting were, a formation of bubbles, which means a gas is forming, a change in color, the formation of a precipitate, and finally an endothermic or exothermic change (change in temperature). Many of the chemicals that mixed, went through one or more of these changes, but others did not go through any changes at all. Overall, the biggest sign of a chemical change was the formation of bubbles, which indicates the formation of a gas. **

**__<span style="font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;">Conclusion: __**
 * <span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Our experiment showed that 6 out of 7 of the chemicals that were mixed, reacted. The reason that this happened could be for many reasons, such as the identity of the chemical is changing, which means that a new substance is being formed. In all chemical reactions, the chemicals make a new substance, whether you know because of the formation of bubbles, or formation of a precipitate, the substance is new, just like in our experiment. The reactions happen because of the energy rises and makes the particles move faster and they collide and then make bubbles or gas. This happens when the temperature rises and that happened with a lot of our chemical reactions. **

__<span style="font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;">**Graph:** __ <span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">

<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"> [|Watch the Movie!]
 * <span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Pictures!!!!! **

<span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: large; line-height: 21px;">**Precipitate and Mass Lab** <span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">**May 3, 2012**

<span style="color: #5600ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">**__Question:__**
 * <span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">How does the mass of the reactants compare to the mass of the products in a chemical reaction when a precipitate is formed? **

<span style="color: #5600ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">**__Hypothesis:__**
 * <span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">When a precipitate is formed the mass will be greater than its products. **

**<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">__Independent Variable:__ **
 * <span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Mass of reactants **

<span style="color: #5600ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">**__Dependent Variable:__**


 * <span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Mass of products **

<span style="color: #5600ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">**__Constant:__**
 * <span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Mass or the Chemicals **

**<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">__Ingredients:__ **
 * <span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Lead nitrate and Sodium iodide **

<span style="color: #5600ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">**__Notes(background Information):__**
 * <span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Lead nitrate (reactant) **
 * **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Pb(NO3)2 **
 * **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Inorganic compound **
 * **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Colorless crystal or white powder **
 * **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Toxic **
 * **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Soluble in water **
 * **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Lead poisoning is possible if you ingest it **
 * **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">No inhaling **
 * **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">No ingesting **
 * **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">No contact with skin **
 * <span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Sodium iodide (reactant) **
 * **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">NaI **
 * **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">White **
 * **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Crystalline salt **
 * **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Inorganic compound **
 * **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">No inhaling **
 * **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">No ingesting **
 * **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">No coming in contact with eyes **
 * <span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Lead Iodide (product) **
 * **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Bright yellow at room temperature **
 * **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Toxic **
 * **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">No eating **
 * **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Used to be used in paint (not anymore) **
 * <span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Sodium nitrate **
 * **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">used in fertilizer **
 * **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">soluble in water **


 * **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Lab Group ** || **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Glassware (g) ** || **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Reactants and Glassware (g) ** || **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Reactant (g) ** || **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Products and Glassware (g) ** || **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Products (g) ** || **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Change in Mass ** ||
 * **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">1 ** || **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">94.2 ** || **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">99.2 ** || **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">5.0 ** || **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">99.1 ** || **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">4.9 ** || **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">-.1 ** ||
 * **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">2 ** || **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">95.5 ** || **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">99.5 ** || **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">4.0 ** || **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">99.5 ** || **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">4.0 ** || **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">0 ** ||
 * **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">3 ** || **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">80.1 ** || **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">84.4 ** || **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">4.25 ** || **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">84.5 ** || **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">4.35 ** || **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">+.1 ** ||
 * **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">4 ** || **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">82.2 ** || **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">86.4 ** || **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">4.2 ** || **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">86.4 ** || **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">4.2 ** || **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">0 ** ||
 * **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">5 ** || **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">74.4 ** || **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">79.0 ** || **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">4.6 ** || **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">79.0 ** || **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">4.6 ** || **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">0 ** ||
 * **<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">6 ** || **<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">92.9 ** || **<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">96.9 ** || **<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">4.0 ** || **<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">96.7 ** || **<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">3.8 ** || **<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">-.2 ** ||
 * **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">7 ** || **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">88.3 ** || **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">92.0 ** || **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">3.7 ** || **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">92.0 ** || **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">3.7 ** || **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">0 ** ||

<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;"> <span style="color: #5600ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">**__Observations:__**
 * **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Turned yellow when the two chemicals reacted **
 * **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Product is opaque **
 * **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Mass stayed the same (this is due to the law of conservation of mass) **

<span style="color: #5600ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">**__Observations when put through a filter:__**
 * **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Residue was a bright yellow solid (Lead iodide) **
 * **<span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Filtrate was a clear liquid (Sodium nitrate) **

<span style="color: #5600ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">**__Summary:__**
 * <span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">The experimant showed that when you mix chemicals such as lead nitrate and sodum iodide you will get a precipitate and a change in mass, and in chemical. The mixture in the end could either be lead iodide or sodium nitrate. The mixture that we got was yellow, and the only one that would turn yellow when mixed was lead iodide. That means that the mixture that we made was lead iodide, not sodium nitrate. The common change in mass when the chemicals were mixed together was 0.1 grams. In the end, we made lead iodide, and the yellow (sodium iodide) could be seperated from the colorless liquid (lead nitrate) through a filter. **


 * __<span style="color: #5600ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Conclusion: __**
 * <span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">In our experiment we found that the change in mass differed by 0.2, but this was not suppose to happen. There was not suppose to be a change at all because we just mixed the substances together that were already measured. **

<span style="color: #5600ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;"> =Lab Powerpoint=
 * <span style="color: #a900ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Pictures!! **