mp4p1Group+7



Chemical Reactions Lab

Background Information:

Question: What are some signs that a chemical reaction has taken place? Hypothesis: Independent Variable: -the combination of the chemicals in the test tube Dependent Variable: -signs of a chemical reaction

Materials:

-lab scoop

-triple beam balance

Key:

Bromothymol Blue

CaCl2- Calcium Chloride

NaHCo3- Sodium Bicarbonate

C27H28Br2O5S- Bromothymol Blue (BB)

H2O- water

Background Information:

CaCl2:

<span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">-odorless, colorless, non- toxic liquid

<span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">-purification, salt substitute, used in animal feed

<span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">-do not touch; burns skin

<span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">NaHCO3:

<span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">-antacid used to relieve heartburn

<span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">-baking soda

<span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">-causes irritation to eyes and skin

<span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">C27H28O5S:

<span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">-used for observing photosynthetic activities

<span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">-a chemical indicator for weak acids and bases

<span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">-turns yellow

<span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">H2O:

<span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">-water~ 1 oxygen atom + 2 hydrogen atoms

<span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">-99.5% of the earth surface

<span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Procedures:

<span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">1. Find mass of film canister.

<span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">2. Add 0.5g to the mass.

<span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">3. Use the lab scoop to add CaCl2 until it is balanced.

<span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">4. Use 15mL BB.

<span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Predictions and Observations:


 * <span style="background-color: #ffc600; display: block; font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif; text-align: left;">** Combinations ** || <span style="background-color: #ffc600; display: block; font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif; text-align: left;">** Predictions ** || <span style="background-color: #ffc600; display: block; font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif; text-align: left;">** Observations ** ||
 * **BB + CaCl2** || The mixture will dissolve fast and create sound when/if it burns. || * the BB Temp was 21°C
 * the CaCl2 Temp was 20°C
 * the mixed Temp was 26.1°C
 * a mixture occurred in the form of a solution ||
 * **NaHCO3 + BB + CaCl2** || The mixture will become an acid, fizzed, and then rose. || * starting temp was 25°C
 * the mixture temp was 23.3°C
 * when the substances were mixed, the outcome was a green, white, and yellow substance that foamed and rose to the top of the test tube ||
 * **H2O + CaCl2** || The mixture will become a solid. || * starting Temp was 17°C
 * the mixture temp was 28°C
 * nothing happened except for the fact that the CaCl2 dissolved in the water ||
 * **CaCl2 + NaHCO3** || Nothing will happen to the mixture. || * nothing happened
 * the starting temp and mixed temp was 22°C ||
 * **NaHCO3 + BB** || The mixture will become an acid. || * no chemical reaction occurred
 * the starting temp and mixture temp was 22°C
 * the mixture became a solution ||
 * **NaHCO3 + CaCl2 + H2O** || The mixture will become a solid. || * starting temp was 21.9°C
 * the mixed temp was 2.4°C
 * fizzing occurred
 * the mixture turned white ||
 * **NaCl2 + H2O** || Nothing will happen to the mixture. || * temp of water was 20.8°C
 * temp of NaCl2 was 20.5°C
 * mixed was 20.5°C
 * no chemical reaction occured ||

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #ff00ff; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: center;">Summary: <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #ff00ff; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: center;">In this experiment, we saw a few things happen. There was some chemical reactions, while others had no chemical reactions. When we combined the Na3HCO2 and CaCl2 together there was no reaction. The two chemicals just sat the bottom of the test tube. There was a chemical reaction when we added water and BB. When we added he BB to the Na3HCO2 and CaCl2, the mixture turned white, green, yellow colored and fizzed and rose higher in the test tube. When we added water to the Na3HCO2 and CaCl2, the reaction was weaker. The mixture only turned white with small bubbles and fizzed a little. For the rest of the combinations, there was no chemical reaction. When we added BB to CaCl2, the CaCl2 just dissolved and there was no bubbles that formed or odor that formed. Then, when we added BB to NaHCO3 the NaHCO3 dissolved and the BB was left. It was see through and no bubbles formed. After we added the BB to each of the chemicals, we added H20 to them. When H20 was added to CaCl2 the water looked cloudy. You could still see the particles that were white in color. It was a little bit different when we added the H20 to the NaHCO3 because the NaCHO3 settled to the bottom of the test tube and you could see the water, which was clear or see through. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #ff00ff; display: block; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: center;">Conclusion:

= = <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #27279b; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 180%;">Precipitate Lab

<span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: left;">Question: How does the mass of the reactants compare to the mass of the products in a chemical reaction when a precipitate is formed? <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: left;">Hypothesis: <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: left;">Independent Variable: Mass of the reactants in grams <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: left;">Dependent Variable: mass of the products in grams

<span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: left;">Materials: <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: left;">-lead nitrate <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: left;">-sodium iodide <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: left;">Background Information:

<span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: left;">Lead nitrate: <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: left;">-inorganic compound <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: left;">-chemical formula is Pb(NO3)2 <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: left;">-commonly occurs as colorless crystals or white powder <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: left;">-lead nitrate salt is soluble in water <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: left;">-toxic and oxidising agent <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: left;">-needs to be handled with proper safety precautions

<span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: left;">Sodium iodide: <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: left;">-white, crystalline salt with the chemical formula NaI <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: left;">-used in radiation detection, used in the treatment of iodide deficiency

<span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: left;">Lead Iodide: <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: left;">-chemical formula is PbI2 <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: left;">-plumbous iodide; bright yellow solid at room temperature <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: left;">-becomes brick red when heated <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: left;">-crystalline form- used as a detector material for high energy photons including x-rays and gamma rays <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: left;">-toxic (due to lead content) <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: left;">-can be a yellow precipitate by reacting solutions of Lead nitrate and potassium iodide <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: left;">-soluble in cold water, but is very soluble in hot water

<span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: left;">Sodium nitrate: <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: left;">-chemical formula is 2NaNO3 <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: left;">-it is a white solid, and soluble in water as a salt nitrate <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: left;">-a mineral known as nitratine <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif;"> -used in fertilizer, pyrotechnics, smoke bombs, glass, and pottery  <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif;"> enamels;   <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif;"> a   <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 140%;">lso as a food preservative in meats and poultry and a solid rocket propellant <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: left;">-a raw material for gun powder <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: left;">-could be an oxidizer in fireworks <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif;"> Procedures:    <span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif;"> <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">1.) Balance the scale. <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">2.) Weigh the small beaker with the two test tube because we needed to find the mass of the reactants.

<span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">

<span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">3.) Mix the two chemicals together. When the chemicals combined they turned a yelloe color that was opaque. It also did not start to form a precipitate. 4.) Weigh the mass of the products <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;"> <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">5.) Filter the mixture to see if it was souble in water

<span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">

<span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">Summary: <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">We first started out with zeroing the triple beam balance out. We had two clear chemicals in two different test tubes. Next we weighed the mass of the reactants in two test tubes in the small beaker. It was 95.1 grams for our group. Third, we substracted to find just the mass of the reactants. It turned out to be 4.6 grams. Then, we mixed the two chemicals together to form a the products and found there mass. The mixture was a yellow color that was opaque and did not settle out to form a precipitate. Also, it turned out that the mass of the products was 95.1 grams and the mass of the products alone was 4.6 grams. This meant that the mass of the reactants and the mass of the products was the same. Finally, we filtered the mixture to see if it was souble in water. One member of our group poured the mixture into the test tube with the filter with filter paper. What ended up happening was that the yllow mixture stayed in the filter paper and left a solid residue in it. In addititon, it made a clear filtrate, which means that the mixtures is not souble in water.

<span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">Data Table of All of the Classes Results:


 * <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">lab Group || <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">Mass of the Glassware || <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">Mass of the Reactants + Glassware || <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">Mass of the Reactants Alone || <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">Mass of the Products + Glassware || <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">Mass of the Products Alone || <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">Change in Mass ||
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">1 || <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">90.5 || <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">95.1 || <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">4.6 || <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">95.1 || <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">4.6 || <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">0 ||
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">2 || <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">96.1 || <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">98.2 || <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">2.1 || <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">98.2 || <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">2.1 || <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">0 ||
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">3 || <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">80.2 || <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">87.2 || <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">7.0 || <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">87.2 || <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">7.0 || <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">0 ||
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">4 || <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">81.7 || <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">86.8 || <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">5.1 || <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">86.8 || <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">5.1 || <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">0 ||
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">5 || <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">74.2 || <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">76.4 || <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">2.2 || <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">76.4 || <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">2.2 || <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">0 ||
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">6 || <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">92.9 || <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">96.8 || <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">3.9 || <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">96.8 || <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">3.9 || <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">0 ||
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">7 || <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">88.5 || <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">93.1 || <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">4.6 || <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">93.1 || <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">4.6 || <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">0 ||

<span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">Conclusion: <span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: left;">Based off of the measurements of the masses that we did, all of the groups had no change in the mass of the reactants and products. We think this because when you are mixing the two chemicals together, you still have the same amount of chemicals as you did before. In addition this also brings us back to balancing equation. In balanced equations, you need to have the same number of reactants and products on both sides. So that means that you would have the same mass on both sides of the table.