Kayla's+Project+Ch+10

= __EXTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES__ = = __Engines-__ A machine that converts energy into mechanical motion. = = __External Combustion Engines:__ = = Websites about External Combustion Engines: = = __Steam Engines:__ = == = = = Websites about Steam Engines =
 * = Power for external combustion engines comes from outside the engine. =
 * = All steam engines and steam turbines are external combustion engines. =
 * = [] [[image:http://www.nlcs.k12.in.us/oljrhi/brown/power/images/corwatt.gif width="345" height="316" align="right" caption="An example of how a steam engine works From: http://www.nlcs.k12.in.us/oljrhi/brown/power/externalcombustion.html"]] =
 * = The first crude steam engine was built by Thomas Savery in 1698. He was an English military engineer and inventor, who wanted to create a way to get water out of coal mines.His steam engine was based on the pressure cooker that Denis Papin built in 1679.Savery's machine used a closed container that was filled with water, then the steam pressure was added. This would make the water go upwards and out of the mine shaft. Next, a sprinkler would condense the steam and create a vacuum. The vacuum sucks out more water out of the mine through a valve. =
 * = They use heat from burning coal or wood to force a change of state from water to steam. =
 * = A boiler is over a fire outside the engine, which makes the source of power for the engine external. =
 * = A piston moves back in forth in steam engines. =
 * = Piston-A plug that just barely fits inside a cylinder that is closed. =
 * = Steam that expands in the boiler pushes on one end of the piston and makes it move in the cylinder. Once the piston moves, it closes one valve and allows another to open. Then, the steam gets sent to the other side of the piston and moves it back to its original spot. A circular flywheel turns because of this motion and powers the engine. =
 * = Today steam engines are not used because there are of low efficiency and do not produce a lot of power for their size. Also, they are very noisy. =
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= __Steam Turbines: __ = > = =
 * = Oringially, steam turbines were used as toys by ancient Egyptians and then they were used to rotate cooking tools in Egypt. =
 * = The first turbine that was recorded was built by Hero in Alexandria, 2,000 years ago. =
 * = Steam turbines use a generator to convert mechanical energy, that has a high pressure, in the form of steam or water vapor into electrical energy. =
 * = They operate using steam pressure, like steam engines. =
 * = Power from spinning disks makes steam turbines work. =
 * = Turbines- A spinning disk that moves continuously and lokks similar to a pinwheel. =
 * = Steam turbines spin from steam in a boiler. =
 * = They power oceangoing ships and turn electrical generators in power plants. =
 * = Hyperbolic structures, like in the picture, are cooling towers. They cool water after steam has traveled through the turbines. =
 * = In electrical pwer plants, turbines are connected to electric generators that actually create the electricity. A grid then sends the electricity throughout the United States. [[image:mrslagunasclass/grid.jpg width="263" height="184" align="left" caption="The electrical power grid for the United States From: http://www.nlcs.k12.in.us/oljrhi/brown/power/externalcombustion.html"]]=

= __Websites about Steam Turbines:__ = = __Stirling Engines:__ =
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 * = It was invented in 1816 by Robert Stirling. =
 * = They are a type of heat engine that is completely different than internal combustion engines,like the ones in cars. =
 * = Submarines or auxiliary power generators for yachts are example of things that use Stirling engines. =
 * = This type of engine is not very common yet. =
 * = Gasses in a stirling engine never make it out of the engine. No explosions occur in stirling engines and there are not exhaust valves that allow high-pressure gasses to escape, like there are in gasoline or diesel engines. =
 * = A Stirling cycle inside of a Stirling engine use heat sources, like gasoline, solar energy, the heat from decaying plants, or any other type of external heat source. =
 * = Noise is the main difference between Stirling engines and internal combustion engines. Stirling engines are very quiet and efficient, unlike the loud internal combustion engines of cars and other objects. =

= __Websites about Stirling Engines:__ =
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 * = [|http://www.scraptopower.co.uk/can-stirling/sim][[image:http://www.scraptopower.co.uk/_/rsrc/1296739733687/can-stirling/simple-coke-can-stirling-engine/Main.JPG?height=240&width=320 width="355" height="275" align="left" caption="A simple example of a Stirling engine From:http://www.scraptopower.co.uk/can-stirling/simple-coke-can-stirling-engine " link="http://www.scraptopower.co.uk/can-stirling/simple-coke-can-stirling-engine"]][|ple-coke-can-stirling-engine] =